《勾践灭吴》,作者:佚名,朝代:先秦。译文对照
《勾践灭吴》全文阅读
越王勾践栖于会稽之上,乃号令于三军曰:“凡我父兄昆弟及国子姓,有能助寡人谋而退吴者,吾与之共知越国之政。”大夫种进对曰:“臣闻之,贾人夏则资皮,冬则资絺,旱则资舟,水则资车,以待乏也。夫虽无四方之忧,然谋臣与爪牙之士,不可不养而择也。譬如蓑笠,时雨既至,必求之。今君王既栖于会稽之上,然后乃求谋臣,无乃后乎?”勾践曰:“苟得闻子大夫之言,何后之有?”执其手而与之谋。
遂使之行成于吴,曰:“寡君勾践乏无所使,使其下臣种,不敢彻声闻于大王,私于下执事曰:寡君之师徒不足以辱君矣;愿以金玉、子女赂君之辱。请勾践女女于王,大夫女女于大夫,士女女于士;越国之宝器毕从!寡君帅越国之众以从君之师徒。唯君左右之,若以越国之罪为不可赦也,将焚宗庙,系妻孥,沈金玉于江;有带甲五千人,将以致死,乃必有偶,是以带甲万人事君也,无乃即伤君王之所爱乎?与其杀是人也,宁其得此国也,其孰利乎?”
夫差将欲听,与之成。子胥谏曰:“不可!夫吴之与越也,仇讎敌战之国也;三江环之,民无所移。有吴则无越,有越则无吴。将不可改于是矣!员闻之:陆人居陆,水人居水,夫上党之国,我攻而胜之,吾不能居其地,不能乘其车;夫越国,吾攻而胜之,吾能居其地,吾能乘其舟。此其利也,不可失也已。君必灭之!失此利也,虽悔之,必无及已。
越人饰美女八人,纳之太宰嚭,曰:“子苟赦越国之罪,又有美于此者将进之。”太宰嚭谏曰:“嚭闻古之伐国者,服之而已;今已服矣,又何求焉?”夫差与之成而去之。
勾践说于国人曰:“寡人不知其力之不足也,而又与大国执仇,以暴露百姓之骨于中原,此则寡人之罪也。寡人请更。”于是葬死者,问伤者,养生者;吊有忧,贺有喜;送往者,迎来者;去民之所恶,补民之不足。然后卑事夫差,宦士三百人于吴,其身亲为夫差前马。
勾践之地,南至于句无,北至于御儿,东至于鄞,西至于姑蔑,广运百里,乃致其父母昆弟而誓之,曰:“寡人闻,古之贤君,四方之民归之,若水之归下也。今寡人不能,将帅二三子夫妇以蕃。”令壮者无取老妇,令老者无取壮妻;女子十七不嫁,其父母有罪;丈夫二十不取,其父母有罪。将免者以告,公令医守之。生丈夫,二壶酒,一犬;生女子,二壶酒,一豚;生三人,公与之母;生二子,公与之饩。当室者死,三年释其政;支子死,三月释其政;必哭泣葬埋之如其子。令孤子、寡妇、疾疹、贫病者,纳宦其子。其达士,洁其居,美其服,饱其食,而摩厉之于义。四方之士来者,必庙礼之。勾践载稻与脂于舟以行。国之孺子之游者,无不哺也,无不歠也:必问其名。非其身之所种则不食,非其夫人之所织则不衣。十年不收于国,民俱有三年之食。
国之父兄请曰:“昔者夫差耻吾君于诸侯之国,今越国亦节矣,请报之。”勾践辞曰:“昔者之战也,非二三子之罪也,寡人之罪也。如寡人者,安与知耻?请姑无庸战。”父兄又请曰:“越四封之内,亲吾君也,犹父母也。子而思报父母之仇,臣而思报君之仇,其有敢不尽力者乎?请复战!”勾践既许之,乃致其众而誓之,曰:“寡人闻古之贤君,不患其众之不足也,而患其志行之少耻也。今夫差衣水犀之甲者亿有三千,不患其志行之少耻也,而患其众之不足也。今寡人将助天灭之。吾不欲匹夫之勇也,欲其旅进旅退。进则思赏,退则思刑;如此,则有常赏。进不用命,退则无耻;如此,则有常刑。”
果行,国人皆劝。父勉其子,兄勉其弟,妇勉其夫,曰:“孰是君也,而可无死乎?”是故败吴于囿,又败之于没,又郊败之。
夫差行成,曰;“寡人之师徒,不足以辱君矣,请以金玉、子女赂君之辱!”勾践对曰:“昔天以越予吴,而吴不受命;今天以吴予越,越可以无听天之命,而听君之令乎!吾请达王甬、句东,吾与君为二君乎!”夫差对曰:“寡人礼先壹饭矣,君若不忘周室而为敝邑宸宇,亦寡人之愿也。君若曰:『吾将残汝社稷,灭汝宗庙。』寡人请死,余何而目以视於天下乎?越君其次也!”遂灭吴。
《勾践灭吴》译文解释
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《勾践灭吴》拼音
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《勾践灭吴》赏析摘录
《勾践灭吴》记述的是春秋末期吴越争战的著名历史事件。越王勾践在与吴王夫差的战争中被击败后,以各种屈辱的条件向吴国求和。夫差没有听从伍子胥的忠告,却听信了被越国贿赂的太宰嚭的谗言,准许了越国的求和,使勾践获得了喘息的机会。勾践卧薪尝胆,励精图治,在经过了“十年生聚、十年教训”的长期准备之后,率领军队进攻吴国,吴国因此而亡。文章一落笔直写勾践。勾践失败后,正率五千残兵退守于会稽山上。这时的他,是一位失败后痛定思痛、盼望雪耻复国的君主。全文分三部分,紧紧围绕勾践誓雪国耻这一主要的性格特征展开描写。首先写勾践同吴国求和,突出了他痛下决心... 古诗文网>>
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