《胠箧》,作者:庄周,朝代:先秦。译文对照
《胠箧》全文阅读
将为胠箧、探囊、发匮之盗而为守备,则必摄缄縢、固扃鐍;此世俗之所谓知也。然而巨盗至,则负匮、揭箧、担囊而趋;唯恐缄縢扃鐍之不固也。然则乡之所谓知者,不乃为大盗积者也?
故尝试论之,世俗之所谓知者,有不为大盗积者乎?所谓圣者,有不为大盗守者乎?何以知其然邪?昔者齐国邻邑相望,鸡狗之音相闻,罔罟之所布,耒耨之所刺,方二千余里。阖四竟之内,所以立宗庙、社稷,治邑、屋、州、闾、乡、曲者,曷尝不法圣人哉?然而田成子一旦杀齐君而盗其国。所盗者岂独其国邪?并与其圣知之法而盗之。故田成子有乎盗贼之名,而身处尧舜之安,小国不敢非,大国不敢诛,专有齐国。则是不乃窃齐国,并与其圣知之法,以守其盗贼之身乎?
尝试论之,世俗之所谓至知者,有不为大盗积者乎?所谓至圣者,有不为大盗守者乎?何以知其然邪?昔者龙逢斩,比干剖,苌弘胣,子胥靡。故四子之贤而身不免乎戮。故跖之徒问于跖曰:“盗亦有道乎?”跖曰:“何适而无有道邪?”夫妄意室中之藏,圣也;入先,勇也;出后,义也;知可否,知也;分均,仁也。五者不备而能成大盗者,天下未之有也。”由是观之,善人不得圣人之道不立,跖不得圣人之道不行;天下之善人少而不善人多,则圣人之利天下也少,而害天下也多。箧故:曰唇竭齿寒,鲁酒薄而邯郸围,圣人生而大盗起。掊击圣人,纵舍盗贼,而天下始治矣!
夫川竭而谷虚,丘夷而渊实。圣人已死,则大盗不起,天下平而无故矣。圣人不死,大盗不止。虽重圣人而治天下,则是重利盗跖也。为之斗斛以量之,则并与斗斛而窃之;为之权衡以称之,则并与权衡而窃之;为之符玺而信之,则并与符玺而窃之;为之仁义以矫之,则并与仁义而窃之。
何以知其然邪?彼窃钩者诛,窃国者为诸侯,诸侯之门而仁义存焉。则是非窃仁义圣知邪?故逐于大盗、揭诸侯、窃仁义并斗斛权衡符玺之利者,虽有轩冕之赏弗能劝,斧钺之威弗能禁。此重利盗跖而使不可禁者,是乃圣人之过也。故曰:“鱼不可脱于渊,国之利器不可以示人。”彼圣人者,天下之利器也,非所以明天下也。
故绝圣弃知,大盗乃止;擿玉毁珠,小盗不起;焚符破玺,而民朴鄙;掊斗折衡,而民不争;殚残天下之圣法,而民始可与论议。擢乱六律,铄绝竽瑟,塞瞽旷之耳,而天下始人含其聪矣;灭文章,散五采,胶离朱之目,而天下始人含其明矣。毁绝钩绳而弃规矩,攦工倕之指,而天下始人含其巧矣。故曰:大巧若拙。削曾史之行,钳杨墨之口,攘弃仁义,而天下之德始玄同矣。
彼人含其明,则天下不铄矣;人含其聪,则天下不累矣;人含其知,则天下不惑矣;人含其德,则天下不僻矣。彼曾、史、杨、墨、师旷、工倕、离朱、皆外立其德而以爚乱天下者也,法之所无用也。
子独不知至德之世乎?昔者容成氏、大庭氏、伯皇氏、中央氏、栗陆氏、骊畜氏、轩辕氏、赫胥氏、尊卢氏、祝融氏、伏牺氏、神农氏,当是时也,民结绳而用之,甘其食,美其服,乐其俗,安其居,邻国相望,鸡狗之音相闻,民至老死而不相往来。若此之时,则至治已。今遂至使民延颈举踵,曰:“某所有贤者,”赢粮而趣之,则内弃其亲,而外弃其主之事;足迹接乎诸侯之境,车轨结乎千里之外,则是上好知之过也。上诚好知而无道,则天下大乱矣!
何以知其然邪?夫弓、弩、毕、弋、机变之知多,则鸟乱于上矣;钩饵、罔罟、罾笱之知多,则鱼乱于水矣;削格、罗落、罝罘之知多,则兽乱于泽矣;知诈渐毒、颉滑坚白、解垢同异之变多,则俗惑于辩矣。故天下每每大乱,罪在于好知。故天下皆知求其所不知,而莫知求其所已知者;皆知非其所不善,而莫知非其所已善者,是以大乱。故上悖日月之明,下烁山川之精,中堕四时之施,惴耎之虫,肖翘之物,莫不失其性。甚矣,夫好知之乱天下也!自三代以下者是已,舍夫种种之民,而悦夫役役之佞,释夫恬淡无为,而悦夫啍啍之意,啍啍已乱天下矣!
《胠箧》译文解释
《胠箧》注释大全
《胠箧》拼音
Jiang Wei Qu Qie 、Tan Nang 、Fa Kui Zhi Dao Er Wei Shou Bei ,Ze Bi She Jian Teng 、Gu Jiong Jue ;Ci Shi Su Zhi Suo Wei Zhi Ye 。Ran Er Ju Dao Zhi ,Ze Fu Kui 、Jie Qie 、Dan Nang Er Qu ;Wei Kong Jian Teng Jiong Jue Zhi Bu Gu Ye 。Ran Ze Xiang Zhi Suo Wei Zhi Zhe ,Bu Nai Wei Da Dao Ji Zhe Ye ?
Gu Chang Shi Lun Zhi ,Shi Su Zhi Suo Wei Zhi Zhe ,You Bu Wei Da Dao Ji Zhe Hu ?Suo Wei Sheng Zhe ,You Bu Wei Da Dao Shou Zhe Hu ?He Yi Zhi Ji Ran Xie ?Xi Zhe Ji Guo Lin Yi Xiang Wang ,Ji Gou Zhi Yin Xiang Wen ,Wang Gu Zhi Suo Bu ,Lei Nou Zhi Suo Ci ,Fang Er Qian Yu Li 。He Si Jing Zhi Nei ,Suo Yi Li Zong Miao 、She Ji ,Zhi Yi 、Wu 、Zhou 、Lv 、Xiang 、Qu Zhe ,He Chang Bu Fa Sheng Ren Zai ?Ran Er Tian Cheng Zi Yi Dan Sha Ji Jun Er Dao Ji Guo 。Suo Dao Zhe Qi Du Ji Guo Xie ?Bing Yu Ji Sheng Zhi Zhi Fa Er Dao Zhi 。Gu Tian Cheng Zi You Hu Dao Zei Zhi Ming ,Er Shen Chu Yao Shun Zhi An ,Xiao Guo Bu Gan Fei ,Da Guo Bu Gan Zhu ,Zhuan You Ji Guo 。Ze Shi Bu Nai Qie Ji Guo ,Bing Yu Ji Sheng Zhi Zhi Fa ,Yi Shou Ji Dao Zei Zhi Shen Hu ?
Chang Shi Lun Zhi ,Shi Su Zhi Suo Wei Zhi Zhi Zhe ,You Bu Wei Da Dao Ji Zhe Hu ?Suo Wei Zhi Sheng Zhe ,You Bu Wei Da Dao Shou Zhe Hu ?He Yi Zhi Ji Ran Xie ?Xi Zhe Long Feng Zhan ,Bi Gan Pou ,Chang Hong Chi ,Zi Xu Mi 。Gu Si Zi Zhi Xian Er Shen Bu Mian Hu Lu 。Gu Zhi Zhi Tu Wen Yu Zhi Yue :“Dao Yi You Dao Hu ?”Zhi Yue :“He Kuo Er Mo You Dao Xie ?”Fu Wang Yi Shi Zhong Zhi Cang ,Sheng Ye ;Ru Xian ,Yong Ye ;Chu Hou ,Yi Ye ;Zhi Ke Fou ,Zhi Ye ;Fen Jun ,Ren Ye 。Wu Zhe Bu Bei Er Neng Cheng Da Dao Zhe ,Tian Xia Wei Zhi You Ye 。”You Shi Guan Zhi ,Shan Ren Bu De Sheng Ren Zhi Dao Bu Li ,Zhi Bu De Sheng Ren Zhi Dao Bu Hang ;Tian Xia Zhi Shan Ren Shao Er Bu Shan Ren Duo ,Ze Sheng Ren Zhi Li Tian Xia Ye Shao ,Er Hai Tian Xia Ye Duo 。Qie Gu :Yue Chun Jie Chi Han ,Lu Jiu Bao Er Han Dan Wei ,Sheng Ren Sheng Er Da Dao Qi 。Pou Ji Sheng Ren ,Zong She Dao Zei ,Er Tian Xia Shi Zhi Yi !
Fu Chuan Jie Er Gu Xu ,Qiu Yi Er Yuan Shi 。Sheng Ren Yi Si ,Ze Da Dao Bu Qi ,Tian Xia Ping Er Mo Gu Yi 。Sheng Ren Bu Si ,Da Dao Bu Zhi 。Sui Chong Sheng Ren Er Zhi Tian Xia ,Ze Shi Chong Li Dao Zhi Ye 。Wei Zhi Dou Hu Yi Liang Zhi ,Ze Bing Yu Dou Hu Er Qie Zhi ;Wei Zhi Quan Heng Yi Chen Zhi ,Ze Bing Yu Quan Heng Er Qie Zhi ;Wei Zhi Fu Xi Er Xin Zhi ,Ze Bing Yu Fu Xi Er Qie Zhi ;Wei Zhi Ren Yi Yi Jiao Zhi ,Ze Bing Yu Ren Yi Er Qie Zhi 。
He Yi Zhi Ji Ran Xie ?Bi Qie Gou Zhe Zhu ,Qie Guo Zhe Wei Zhu Hou ,Zhu Hou Zhi Men Er Ren Yi Cun Yan 。Ze Shi Fei Qie Ren Yi Sheng Zhi Xie ?Gu Zhu Yu Da Dao 、Jie Zhu Hou 、Qie Ren Yi Bing Dou Hu Quan Heng Fu Xi Zhi Li Zhe ,Sui You Xuan Mian Zhi Shang Fu Neng Quan ,Fu Yue Zhi Wei Fu Neng Jin 。Ci Chong Li Dao Zhi Er Shi Bu Ke Jin Zhe ,Shi Nai Sheng Ren Zhi Guo Ye 。Gu Yue :“Yu Bu Ke Tuo Yu Yuan ,Guo Zhi Li Qi Bu Ke Yi Shi Ren 。”Bi Sheng Ren Zhe ,Tian Xia Zhi Li Qi Ye ,Fei Suo Yi Ming Tian Xia Ye 。
Gu Jue Sheng Qi Zhi ,Da Dao Nai Zhi ;Ti Yu Hui Zhu ,Xiao Dao Bu Qi ;Fen Fu Po Xi ,Er Min Piao Bi ;Pou Dou She Heng ,Er Min Bu Zheng ;Dan Can Tian Xia Zhi Sheng Fa ,Er Min Shi Ke Yu Lun Yi 。Zhuo Luan Liu Lv ,Shuo Jue Yu Se ,Sai Gu Kuang Zhi Er ,Er Tian Xia Shi Ren Han Ji Cong Yi ;Mie Wen Zhang ,San Wu Cai ,Jiao Li Zhu Zhi Mu ,Er Tian Xia Shi Ren Han Ji Ming Yi 。Hui Jue Gou Sheng Er Qi Gui Ju ,Li Gong Chui Zhi Zhi ,Er Tian Xia Shi Ren Han Ji Qiao Yi 。Gu Yue :Da Qiao Re Zhuo 。Xiao Ceng Shi Zhi Hang ,Qian Yang Mo Zhi Kou ,Rang Qi Ren Yi ,Er Tian Xia Zhi De Shi Xuan Tong Yi 。
Bi Ren Han Ji Ming ,Ze Tian Xia Bu Shuo Yi ;Ren Han Ji Cong ,Ze Tian Xia Bu Lei Yi ;Ren Han Ji Zhi ,Ze Tian Xia Bu Huo Yi ;Ren Han Ji De ,Ze Tian Xia Bu Pi Yi 。Bi Ceng 、Shi 、Yang 、Mo 、Shi Kuang 、Gong Chui 、Li Zhu 、Jie Wai Li Ji De Er Yi Yue Luan Tian Xia Zhe Ye ,Fa Zhi Suo Mo Yong Ye 。
Zi Du Bu Zhi Zhi De Zhi Shi Hu ?Xi Zhe Rong Cheng Shi 、Da Ting Shi 、Bai Huang Shi 、Zhong Yang Shi 、Li Liu Shi 、Li Chu Shi 、Xuan Yuan Shi 、He Xu Shi 、Zun Lu Shi 、Zhu Rong Shi 、Fu Xi Shi 、Shen Nong Shi ,Dang Shi Shi Ye ,Min Jie Sheng Er Yong Zhi ,Gan Ji Shi ,Mei Ji Fu ,Le Ji Su ,An Ji Ju ,Lin Guo Xiang Wang ,Ji Gou Zhi Yin Xiang Wen ,Min Zhi Lao Si Er Bu Xiang Wang Lai 。Re Ci Zhi Shi ,Ze Zhi Zhi Yi 。Jin Sui Zhi Shi Min Yan Geng Ju Zhong ,Yue :“Mou Suo You Xian Zhe ,”Ying Liang Er Qu Zhi ,Ze Nei Qi Ji Qin ,Er Wai Qi Ji Zhu Zhi Shi ;Zu Ji Jie Hu Zhu Hou Zhi Jing ,Che Gui Jie Hu Qian Li Zhi Wai ,Ze Shi Shang Hao Zhi Zhi Guo Ye 。Shang Cheng Hao Zhi Er Mo Dao ,Ze Tian Xia Da Luan Yi !
He Yi Zhi Ji Ran Xie ?Fu Gong 、Nu 、Bi 、Yi 、Ji Bian Zhi Zhi Duo ,Ze Diao Luan Yu Shang Yi ;Gou Er 、Wang Gu 、Zeng Gou Zhi Zhi Duo ,Ze Yu Luan Yu Shui Yi ;Xiao Ge 、Luo La 、Ju Fu Zhi Zhi Duo ,Ze Shou Luan Yu Ze Yi ;Zhi Zha Jian Du 、Jie Hua Jian Bai 、Jie Gou Tong Yi Zhi Bian Duo ,Ze Su Huo Yu Bian Yi 。Gu Tian Xia Mei Mei Da Luan ,Zui Zai Yu Hao Zhi 。Gu Tian Xia Jie Zhi Qiu Ji Suo Bu Zhi ,Er Mo Zhi Qiu Ji Suo Yi Zhi Zhe ;Jie Zhi Fei Ji Suo Bu Shan ,Er Mo Zhi Fei Ji Suo Yi Shan Zhe ,Shi Yi Da Luan 。Gu Shang Bei Ri Yue Zhi Ming ,Xia Shuo Shan Chuan Zhi Jing ,Zhong Duo Si Shi Zhi Shi ,Zhui Nuo Zhi Chong ,Xiao Qiao Zhi Wu ,Mo Bu Shi Ji Xing 。Shen Yi ,Fu Hao Zhi Zhi Luan Tian Xia Ye !Zi San Dai Yi Xia Zhe Shi Yi ,She Fu Chong Chong Zhi Min ,Er Yue Fu Yi Yi Zhi Ning ,Shi Fu Tian Dan Mo Wei ,Er Yue Fu Tun Tun Zhi Yi ,Tun Tun Yi Luan Tian Xia Yi !
《胠箧》赏析摘录
“胠箧”的意思是打开箱子。本篇的主旨跟《马蹄》篇相同,但比《马蹄》更深刻,言辞也直接,一方面竭力抨击所谓圣人的“仁义”,一方面倡导抛弃一切文化和智慧,使社会回到原始状态中去。宣扬“绝圣弃知”的思想和返归原始的政治主张,就是本篇的中心。全篇大体分成三个部分。第一部分至“而天下始治矣”,从讨论各种防盗的手段最终都会被盗贼所利用入手,指出当时治天下的主张和办法,都是统治者、阴谋家的工具,着力批判了“仁义”和“礼法”。第二部分至“法之所无用也”,进一步提出摒弃一切社会文化的观点,使“绝圣”的主张和“弃知”的思想联系在一起。余下为第三部分... 古诗文网>>
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