《尚德缓刑书》,作者:路温舒,朝代:汉。译文对照
《尚德缓刑书》全文阅读
汉昭帝逝世,昌邑王刘贺被废黜,汉宣帝刘询刚刚登上皇位。路温舒呈上奏书,奏书说:
昭帝崩,昌邑王贺废,宣帝初即位,路温舒上书,言宜尚德缓刑。其辞曰:
“臣闻齐有无知之祸,而桓公以兴;晋有骊姬之难,而文公用伯。近世赵王不终,诸吕作乱,而孝文为太宗。由是观之,祸乱之作,将以开圣人也。故桓、文扶微兴坏,尊文、武之业,
泽加百姓,功润诸侯,虽不及三王,天下归仁焉。文帝永思至德,以承天心,崇仁义,省刑罚,通关梁,一远近,敬贤如大宾,爱民如赤子,内恕情之所安而施之于海内,是以囹圄空虚,天下太平。夫继变化之后,必有异旧之恩,此贤圣所以昭天命也。“往者,昭帝即世而无嗣,大臣忧戚,焦心合谋,皆以昌邑尊亲,援而立之。然天不授命,淫乱其心,遂以自亡。深察祸变之故,乃皇天之所以开至圣也。故大将军受命武帝,股肱汉国,披肝胆,决大计,黜亡义,立有德,辅天而行,然后宗庙以安,天下咸宁。臣闻《春秋》正即位,大一统而慎始也。陛下初登至尊,与天合符,宜改前世之失,正始受命之统,涤烦文,除民疾,存亡继绝,以应天意。
“臣闻秦有十失,其一尚存,治狱之吏是也。秦之时,羞文学,好武勇,贱仁义之士,贵治狱之吏,正言者谓之诽谤,遏过者谓之妖言,故盛服先王不用于世⒅,忠良切言皆郁于胸,誉谀之声日满于耳,虚美熏心,实祸蔽塞,此乃秦之所以亡天下也。方今天下,赖陛下恩厚,亡金革之危、饥寒之患,父子夫妻戮力安家,然太平未洽者,狱乱之也。夫狱者,天下之大命也,死者不可复生,绝者不可复属。《书》曰:“与其杀不辜,宁失不经。”今治狱吏则不然,上下相驱,以刻为明,深者获公名,平者多后患。故治狱之吏,皆欲人死,非憎人也,自安之道在人之死。是以死人之血流离于市,被刑之徒比肩而立,大辟之计岁以万数。此仁圣之所以伤也。太平之未洽,凡以此也。夫人情安则乐生,痛则思死,棰楚之下,何求而不得?做囚人不胜痛,则饰词以视之,吏治者利其然,则指道以明之,上奏畏却,则锻练而周内之;盖奏当之成,虽咎繇听之,犹以为死有余辜。何则?成练者众,文致之罪明也。是以狱吏专为深刻,残贼而亡极,媮为一切,不顾国患,此世之大贼也。故俗语曰:“画地为狱议不入;刻木为吏期不对。”此皆疾吏之风,悲痛之辞也。故天下之患,莫深于狱;败法乱正,离亲塞道,莫甚乎治狱之吏,此所谓一尚存者也。”
“臣闻乌鸢之卵不毁,而后凤凰集;诽谤之罪不诛,而后良言进。故古人有言:“山薮臧疾,川泽纳污,瑾瑜匿恶,国君含诟。”唯陛下除诽谤以招切言,开天下之口,广箴谏之路,扫亡秦之失,尊文武之德,省法制,宽刑罚,以废治狱,则太平之风可兴于世,永履和乐,与天亡极,天下幸甚。”
上善其言。
《尚德缓刑书》译文解释
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《尚德缓刑书》拼音
Han Zhao Di Shi Shi ,Chang Yi Wang Liu He Bei Fei Chu ,Han Xuan Di Liu Xun Gang Gang Deng Shang Huang Wei 。Lu Wen Shu Cheng Shang Zou Shu ,Zou Shu Shui :
Zhao Di Beng ,Chang Yi Wang He Fei ,Xuan Di Chu Ji Wei ,Lu Wen Shu Shang Shu ,Yan Yi Shang De Huan Xing 。Ji Ci Yue :
“Chen Wen Ji You Mo Zhi Zhi Huo ,Er Huan Gong Yi Xing ;Jin You Li Ji Zhi Nan ,Er Wen Gong Yong Bai 。Jin Shi Zhao Wang Bu Zhong ,Zhu Lv Zuo Luan ,Er Xiao Wen Wei Tai Zong 。You Shi Guan Zhi ,Huo Luan Zhi Zuo ,Jiang Yi Kai Sheng Ren Ye 。Gu Huan 、Wen Fu Wei Xing Huai ,Zun Wen 、Wu Zhi Ye ,
Ze Jia Bai Xing ,Gong Run Zhu Hou ,Sui Bu Ji San Wang ,Tian Xia Gui Ren Yan 。Wen Di Yong Sai Zhi De ,Yi Cheng Tian Xin ,Chong Ren Yi ,Sheng Xing Fa ,Tong Guan Liang ,Yi Yuan Jin ,Jing Xian Ru Da Bin ,Ai Min Ru Chi Zi ,Nei Shu Qing Zhi Suo An Er Shi Zhi Yu Hai Nei ,Shi Yi Ling Yu Kong Xu ,Tian Xia Tai Ping 。Fu Ji Bian Hua Zhi Hou ,Bi You Yi Jiu Zhi En ,Ci Xian Sheng Suo Yi Zhao Tian Ming Ye 。“Wang Zhe ,Zhao Di Ji Shi Er Mo Si ,Da Chen You Qi ,Jiao Xin Ge Mou ,Jie Yi Chang Yi Zun Qin ,Yuan Er Li Zhi 。Ran Tian Bu Shou Ming ,Yin Luan Ji Xin ,Sui Yi Zi Wang 。Shen Cha Huo Bian Zhi Gu ,Nai Huang Tian Zhi Suo Yi Kai Zhi Sheng Ye 。Gu Da Jiang Jun Shou Ming Wu Di ,Gu Gong Han Guo ,Pi Gan Dan ,Jue Da Ji ,Chu Wang Yi ,Li You De ,Fu Tian Er Hang ,Ran Hou Zong Miao Yi An ,Tian Xia Xian Ning 。Chen Wen 《Chun Qiu 》Zheng Ji Wei ,Da Yi Tong Er Shen Shi Ye 。Bi Xia Chu Deng Zhi Zun ,Yu Tian Ge Fu ,Yi Gai Qian Shi Zhi Shi ,Zheng Shi Shou Ming Zhi Tong ,Di Fan Wen ,Chu Min Ji ,Cun Wang Ji Jue ,Yi Ying Tian Yi 。
“Chen Wen Qin You Shi Shi ,Ji Yi Shang Cun ,Zhi Yu Zhi Li Shi Ye 。Qin Zhi Shi ,Xiu Wen Xue ,Hao Wu Yong ,Jian Ren Yi Zhi Shi ,Gui Zhi Yu Zhi Li ,Zheng Yan Zhe Wei Zhi Fei Bang ,E Guo Zhe Wei Zhi Yao Yan ,Gu Cheng Fu Xian Wang Bu Yong Yu Shi ⒅,Zhong Liang Qie Yan Jie Yu Yu Xiong ,Yu Yu Zhi Sheng Ri Man Yu Er ,Xu Mei Xun Xin ,Shi Huo Bi Sai ,Ci Nai Qin Zhi Suo Yi Wang Tian Xia Ye 。Fang Jin Tian Xia ,Lai Bi Xia En Hou ,Wang Jin Ge Zhi Wei 、Ji Han Zhi Huan ,Fu Zi Fu Qi Lu Li An Jia ,Ran Tai Ping Wei Qia Zhe ,Yu Luan Zhi Ye 。Fu Yu Zhe ,Tian Xia Zhi Da Ming Ye ,Si Zhe Bu Ke Fu Sheng ,Jue Zhe Bu Ke Fu Shu 。《Shu 》Yue :“Yu Ji Sha Bu Gu ,Ning Shi Bu Jing 。”Jin Zhi Yu Li Ze Bu Ran ,Shang Xia Xiang Qu ,Yi Ke Wei Ming ,Shen Zhe Huo Gong Ming ,Ping Zhe Duo Hou Huan 。Gu Zhi Yu Zhi Li ,Jie Yu Ren Si ,Fei Zeng Ren Ye ,Zi An Zhi Dao Zai Ren Zhi Si 。Shi Yi Si Ren Zhi Xie Liu Li Yu Shi ,Bei Xing Zhi Tu Bi Jian Er Li ,Da Bi Zhi Ji Sui Yi Mo Shu 。Ci Ren Sheng Zhi Suo Yi Shang Ye 。Tai Ping Zhi Wei Qia ,Fan Yi Ci Ye 。Fu Ren Qing An Ze Le Sheng ,Tong Ze Sai Si ,Chui Chu Zhi Xia ,He Qiu Er Bu De ?Zuo Qiu Ren Bu Sheng Tong ,Ze Shi Ci Yi Shi Zhi ,Li Zhi Zhe Li Ji Ran ,Ze Zhi Dao Yi Ming Zhi ,Shang Zou Wei Que ,Ze Duan Lian Er Zhou Nei Zhi ;Gai Zou Dang Zhi Cheng ,Sui Jiu Yao Ting Zhi ,You Yi Wei Si You Yu Gu 。He Ze ?Cheng Lian Zhe Zhong ,Wen Zhi Zhi Zui Ming Ye 。Shi Yi Yu Li Zhuan Wei Shen Ke ,Can Zei Er Wang Ji ,Tou Wei Yi Qie ,Bu Gu Guo Huan ,Ci Shi Zhi Da Zei Ye 。Gu Su Yu Yue :“Hua De Wei Yu Yi Bu Ru ;Ke Mu Wei Li Ji Bu Dui 。”Ci Jie Ji Li Zhi Feng ,Bei Tong Zhi Ci Ye 。Gu Tian Xia Zhi Huan ,Mo Shen Yu Yu ;Bai Fa Luan Zheng ,Li Qin Sai Dao ,Mo Shen Hu Zhi Yu Zhi Li ,Ci Suo Wei Yi Shang Cun Zhe Ye 。”
“Chen Wen Wu Yuan Zhi Luan Bu Hui ,Er Hou Feng Huang Ji ;Fei Bang Zhi Zui Bu Zhu ,Er Hou Liang Yan Jin 。Gu Gu Ren You Yan :“Shan Sou Zang Ji ,Chuan Ze Na Wu ,Jin Yu Ni E ,Guo Jun Han Gou 。”Wei Bi Xia Chu Fei Bang Yi Qiao Qie Yan ,Kai Tian Xia Zhi Kou ,An Zhen Jian Zhi Lu ,Sao Wang Qin Zhi Shi ,Zun Wen Wu Zhi De ,Sheng Fa Zhi ,Kuan Xing Fa ,Yi Fei Zhi Yu ,Ze Tai Ping Zhi Feng Ke Xing Yu Shi ,Yong Lv He Le ,Yu Tian Wang Ji ,Tian Xia Xing Shen 。”
Shang Shan Ji Yan 。
《尚德缓刑书》赏析摘录
文章指出:“秦有十失,其一尚存,治狱之吏是也。”就是说:秦之所以亡,有十个失误,其中一个,到现在(即在路温舒当时)仍然存在,即过分重视、重用“治狱之吏”。这些人,“上下相殴(驱),以刻为明”,“败法乱正,离亲塞道”。他们竞相追逐,滥施刑罚,以“治狱”越苛刻越好,量刑、判刑越重越好。结果,造成“被刑之徒,比肩而立;大辟(处死)之计,岁以万数”。文章尖锐地揭露了封建法制运用“逼、供、信”的残忍手段,使人入罪。所谓“棰楚(以杖鞭扑)之下,何求而不可得”。靠刑讯来逼供,“囚人不胜痛,则饰辞以视(示)之”,被迫造假。“吏治者利其... 古诗文网>>
《尚德缓刑书》作者简介
西汉著名的司法官。字长君,钜鹿人(钜鹿,在今河北南部,路温舒系河北广宗人)。信奉儒家学说。起初学习律令,当过县狱吏、郡决曹史;后来又学习《春秋》经义,举孝廉,当过廷尉奏曹掾、守廷尉史、郡太守等职。宣帝即位,他上疏请求改变重刑罚、重用治狱官吏的政策,主张“尚德缓刑”,“省法制,宽刑罚”。他认为秦朝灭亡的原因,是法密政苛,重用狱吏。汉承袭秦朝这一弊政,必须改革。他还反对刑讯逼供,认为刑讯迫使罪犯编造假供,给狱吏枉法定罪开了方便之门。他在奏疏中还提出废除诽谤罪,以便广开言路。
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